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How much power do I need?

Generators produce AC voltage, very similar to the voltage available in your home, however while your electric utility company produces sufficient power for all your electric powered devices, a portable generator is limited in power output. The amount of power that a generator can produce is rated in watts. Rated power is generally 90% of maximum power as certain components lose efficiency after operatting temperature is reached.

To determine your wattage requirements, you should determine which devices need to be powered simultaneously and what the starting requirement of the device is. The formula (AMPS X VOLTS = WATTS) will assist you if all the values are not listed on the device to powered.

What are MAXIMUN and RATED power?

A generator should never be operated at its MAXIMUN power output for more than 30 minutes.

RATED power, or the power that a generator can produce for long periods of time, is a more reliable measure of generator power. Typically the RATED power is 90% of the MAXIMUN power.

When considering your power needs, first determine the highest power application such as a well pump for home power or air compressor for the job site. The power required to start the capacitor motor on these applications will determine the rated power of the generator you should choose for your application.

TYPES OF LOADS

What are RESISTIVE LOADS?   The light bulb example is called a RESISTIVE type load and the POWER it requires is pretty easy to understand. Other RESISTIVE types of LOAD are things like toasters, convection ovens, hot plates, curling irons, coffee makers, stereos and TV's.  RESISTIVE LOADS are usually appliances that do not have electric motors.


What are REACTIVE LOADS? Any device that contains an electric motor.  Some household appliances like a furnace or refrigerator have internal fans that come on intermittently, so extra wattage/power is needed to start the fan.  Another example is power tools. An appliance or tool with a reactive load may require up to three times as much power (wattage) to START as it does to keep it running. 

Examples of REACTIVE LOADS:

• Refrigerators / freezers
• Furnace fans
• Well pumps
• Air conditioners
• Bench grinders
• Air compressors
• Power tools

REACTIVE LOADS = 3 x Power(wattage )

RESISTIVE LOADS:
The equation (AMPS X VOLTS = WATTS) shows the relationship between watts, volts and amps in a PURELY RESISTIVE load.  If you know any of the two variables, the third can be calculated.

Example: You want a generator to power a 1000 watt hot plate.  The hot plate is 120V and requires 1000 watts of power. Using the equation, we can calculate that the hot plate will draw 8.3 amps of electrical current. Volts x Amps = Watts, 120Volts x ? = 1000Watts, dividing both sides of the formula by Volts will result in amps. 1000/120 = 8.3

For REACTIVE LOADS, the equation shows only a general relationship between watts, volts and amps. That's because the power requirements for REACTIVE LOADS changes with operating conditions. 


REACTIVE LOADS :
When determining the proper generator for REACTIVE type loads, you must consider three modes of operation:

STARTING - The electric motor requires more power to start.  The starting power required can be up to THREE times the running amount.

RUNNING - The power required to run the electric motor once it has been started.

LOADED - When the electric motor begins to work (saw begins cutting wood, drill begins drilling thru a wall), its power requirement will increase.  This is not applicable for most household appliances.